Giardia

Giardia

Giardia is a microscopic parasite that lives in the intestines of people and animals and spreads when its hardy cysts enter water, food, or hands. It is a common cause of waterborne illness because the cysts can survive in lakes, streams, and poorly treated drinking water until they are swallowed. Infection happens when someone ingests the cysts, even in very small numbers, which makes it easy to catch from untreated water or from contact with fecal contamination. Symptoms typically show up a few days after exposure and include diarrhea, stomach cramps, bloating, gas, and nausea. Some people may lose weight or feel tired for weeks if the infection lasts a long time. Doctors diagnose it with stool tests and usually treat it with specific prescription medicines that kill the parasite. Simple steps like boiling water, using a reliable purifier or a filter rated to remove protozoa, and practicing good handwashing prevent most infections. Giardia matters because it is common where water treatment is inadequate and because it can cause significant discomfort and dehydration, especially in children and travelers. If you think you might be infected, see a healthcare provider for testing and treatment recommendations.